India is a treasure trove of biodiversity, hosting species that are found nowhere else in the world. These rare species in India exhibit fascinating traits and behaviors, showcasing the unique richness of the country’s ecosystems. Let’s explore ten such species exclusive to India.
1. Sangai Deer
- Found in: Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur
- Unique Feature: The Sangai Deer, also known as the Dancing Deer, lives on floating wetlands called phumdis in Loktak Lake. Its movements on the floating grass appear as if it’s dancing.
- Behavior: These deer are highly territorial and prefer grazing in the early hours of the day. Wiki source
2. Lion-Tailed Macaque
- Found in: Western Ghats, spanning Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
- Unique Feature: Known for its silver-white mane and tufted tail, this macaque is one of the rarest primates in the world.
- Behavior: Arboreal by nature, it rarely descends from trees and is known for loud, distinct calls to communicate within its group.
3. Nilgiri Tahr
- Found in: Western Ghats, especially in Tamil Nadu and Kerala
- Unique Feature: The Nilgiri Tahr is a robust mountain goat with curved horns, adapted to rugged terrains.
- Behavior: It thrives in steep slopes and is usually seen in herds, grazing during dawn and dusk.
4. Kashmir Stag (Hangul)
- Found in: Dachigam National Park, Jammu & Kashmir
- Unique Feature: Distinguished by its impressive antlers with 11-16 points, the Hangul is an iconic symbol of India’s Himalayan biodiversity.
- Behavior: They exhibit seasonal migration between high and low altitudes depending on the weather.
5. Nilgiri Blue Robin
- Found in: Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu
- Unique Feature: This small bird is known for its vibrant blue feathers and melodious songs, which echo through dense forests.
- Behavior: It is shy and elusive, often seen hopping close to the ground in search of insects.
6. Indian Pangolin
- Found in: Forests across India, including the Western and Eastern Ghats
- Unique Feature: Covered in tough, overlapping keratin scales, this anteater is a natural pest controller.
- Behavior: Nocturnal and solitary, it uses its powerful claws to dig into ant and termite nests for food.
7. Indian Star Tortoise
- Found in: Dry regions like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Eastern Ghats
- Unique Feature: Its distinctive star-like shell pattern helps it blend seamlessly into its arid surroundings.
- Behavior: Herbivorous by nature. They forages during cooler parts of the day and is known for its longevity.
8. Nilgiri Marten
- Found in: Western Ghats, primarily in Kerala and Karnataka
- Unique Feature: India’s only marten species has a slender body and a striking yellow throat patch.
- Behavior: Carnivorous and highly agile, it preys on birds, rodents, and fruits, playing an essential role in its ecosystem.
9. Malabar Civet
- Found in: Western Ghats, Kerala
- Unique Feature: This nocturnal animal is recognizable by its distinctive facial markings and long bushy tail.
- Behavior: It is highly elusive and often spotted in dense forests or near water bodies at night.
10. Namdapha Flying Squirrel
- Found in: Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh
- Unique Feature: This unique squirrel has a gliding membrane that allows it to leap between trees, sometimes covering distances up to 100 meters.
- Behavior: Nocturnal and frugivorous, it feeds on fruits, nuts, and leaves while avoiding predators.
Conservation Efforts
India’s rare species are under constant threat due to habitat destruction and poaching. Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks aim to protect these species. Public awareness and eco-tourism also contribute to conservation, helping preserve India’s rare biodiversity for future generations.
